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Source Tree Structure

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Wine was originally organized by topic so each related area of the API had its own directory. Unfortunately this didn't work out too well as Windows itself is rather badly organized, especially in the older parts, so now the Wine source tree is loosely based on the original Windows modules. Most of the source is concerned with implementing the Wine API, although there are also various tools, documentation, sample Winelib code, and code specific to the binary loader. Note that several of the libraries listed here are "stubbed out", meaning they still need to be implemented.

Overall structure

dlls/ DLL reimplementations (kernel32, ntdll, user32, gdiplus, etc)
documentation/ some documentation
include/ header files
libs/ libraries and a C preprocessor
loader/ the Wine program loader
programs/ several utility programs (winecfg, regedit, notepad, wordpad, etc); see List of Commands
server/ the wineserver
tools/ various tools used to build/check Wine

Under dlls/

Notes on Core DLLs

A few of the DLLs are particularly central to the Win32 API. As a result, some extra notes have been included for them:

  • ntdll : forms the core of the Windows system. It first appeared in Windows NT, but didn't become part of the consumer-oriented versions of Windows (3.1/95/98/Me) until XP. In Windows, this has become little more than a userspace to kernelspace shim, and analogously in Wine, it's mostly an interface either to the wineserver or the underlying Unix kernel. It also contains things like the PE (EXE/DLL format) dynamic linker.
  • kernel32 : mostly just forwards to ntdll in NT-based Windows, but in Windows 9x, most of the code from ntdll is here. The thinking behind this split was that NT would be able to support multiple modules for different operating system APIs, i.e. there could be a POSIX module, an OS/2 module, and kernel32 would be the Win32 module. In practice Microsoft wiped out the competition so effectively that this abstraction was never really needed or used, so in today's NT-based, Windows systems, kernel32 is mostly just a set of forwarders. In Wine, the migration of code from kernel32 to ntdll isn't finished yet so we actually have a fairly even split.
  • user32 : userspace code responsible for most of the core windowing and messaging, as well as various other random things like the clipboard, networking, and a wsprintf implementation. Originally user32 was the Windows API, until it grew large enough that having multiple DLLs made more sense, thus the rather odd and unrelated collection of code in this DLL. Basically, the very old mechanisms that date from the Windows 3.1 era are likely to be either in this DLL or kernel32.
  • ole32, oleaut32, rpcrt4 : together implement COM and DCOM.

Wine only DLLs under dlls/

gphoto2.ds/ TWAIN datasource driver using libgphoto2
sane.ds/ TWAIN datasource driver using sane
winealsa.drv/ ALSA audio driver
winebus.sys/ Wine HID plug and play backend driver
winecoreaudio.drv/ CoreAudio audio driver (MacOS)
winecrt0 Entry point code for all wine dlls and wine programms
wined3d/ Wine Direct3D helper
winegstreamer/ DirectShow Filter using the gstreamer framework
winehid.drv/ Wine HID minidriver
winejoystick.drv/ Joystick driver for WinMM
winemac.drv/ macOS display driver
winemapi/ Mail API support using the host email programm
winemp3.acm/ MP3 audio codec for WinMM
wineoss.drv/ OSS audio driver
wineps16.drv16/ 16Bit Postscript printer driver
wineps.drv/ Postscript printer driver
winepulse.drv/ Pulseaudio audio driver
wineqtdecoder/ DirectShow Filter using the QuickTime toolkit (macOS)
winex11.drv/ X11 display driver

16-bit DLLs under dlls/

Wine is using the special ".dll16", ".exe16" or ".drv16" file extensions for 16Bit DLLs.

Support libraries under dlls/

dxerr8/ DirectX 8 error import lib
dxerr9/ DirectX 9 error import lib
dxguid/ DirectX UUID import lib
strmiids/ Exports class CLSIDs and interface IIDs
uuid/ Windows-compatible UUID import lib

Under libs/

libs/port/ portability library
libs/wine/ Wine bootstrap and unicode support library
libs/wpp/ C preprocessor

Under tools/

tools/widl/ the IDL compiler
tools/winapi/ A Win32 API checker
tools/winebuild/ Wine build tool
tools/winedump/ a .DLL dump utility
tools/winegcc/ a MinGW command line compatible gcc wrapper
tools/winemaker a Makefile generator for winelib
tools/wmc/ the message compiler
tools/wrc/ the resource compiler

Under include/

include/ Windows standard includes
include/ddk/ Windows DDK compatible headers
include/msvcrt/ MSVC-compatible libc headers
include/wine/ Wine-specific headers

This page was last edited on 1 July 2017, at 13:35.