Difference between revisions of "Multiarch"

Revision as of 20:21, 19 September 2017

What is Multiarch?

In order to ease cross-compiling and distribution, the Debian-based distros have undertaken a project known as "multi-arch." The idea is to update the packaged software itself, and occasionally change how it's built, so that every package can satisfy multiple architectures. Either one version of the package will work for all architectures, or the different architectures' versions can be installed alongside each other.

To be fully compliant, a package not only needs to play well with different architectures, but explicitly state how it operates in a multi-arch environment. This is implemented through values in the control file of each source package, which are then enforced by the distro's package management.

While there are general guidelines, each package has its own dynamic so making it multi-arch compatible is largely up to that package's maintainer. As a result, multi-arch is still a work in progress, and the distros prioritize which packages they focus on.

According to documents from ca. 2013, multi-arch behavior for header-files (common in -dev packages) was undefined. Since then, the Debian-family distros have settled on using subdirectories for multi-arch triplets within /usr/include/. Note that this extension is not yet part of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.

Status of Wine Build Dependencies

Perhaps the main (but not only) way this matters to Wine is in regards to building and porting. Once all of Wine's build dependencies are multi-arch compatible, cross-compiling and packaging Wine for different architectures becomes much simpler.

As of September 2017, building Wine 2.17 on Debian Stretch shows the following build dependencies still conflicting across architectures (version info may be different for Ubuntu, Mint, etc.)

Several of these packages will be fixed in Debian Buster, or only conflict because of dependencies that will be. When Debian Buster is released, we can remove them from the table.

Debian Package	Stable Version	Unstable Version	Apt-get Result	Debian Bug Report	Patch Proposed?	Fixed in Stretch?	Fixed in Buster?	Notes
libxml-simple-perl	2.22-1	2.24-1	Package couldn't be found	~~#869758~~	✔		✔	Outdated, only used once in dlls/opengl32/make_opengl; consider move to libxml-libxml-simple-perl... or rewrite make_opengl for new tools
oss4-dev	4.2-build2010-2	4.2-build2010-5	Package couldn't be found					Necessary for OSS sound-driver support in Wine. Replaced by ALSA.
khronos-api	0~svn29735-1.1	0~svn33340-0.1	Package couldn't be found	~~#865308~~	✔		✔	Supersedes parts of dlls/opengl32/make_opengl
libpcap-dev	1.8.1-3	1.8.1-4	Package couldn't be found	~~#760370~~	✔		✔	Transitional package; pulls in libpcap0.8-dev
gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0	1.4.4-2	1.6.3-1	Satisfies dependencies, but won't be installed					Needed by libgstreamer1.0-dev; see #755874 about multiarch in gobject-introspection
libatk1.0-dev	2.22.0-1	2.24.0-1	Other arch will be removed	#689124	✔		✔	Also depends on libglib2.0-dev
libcairo2-dev	1.14.0-2.1	1.14.6-1	Other arch will be removed	#689122	✔			Depends on libfontconfig1-dev and libfreetype6-dev
libfreetype6-dev	2.6.3-3.2	2.8-0.2	Other arch will be removed	#642354 #870618
libfontconfig1-dev	2.11.0-6.3	2.11.0-6.3	Other arch will be removed	~~#677885~~	✔	Partially		Marked as Multi-Arch: same; conflict due to dep on libfreetype6-dev
libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev	2.31.1-2+deb8u4	2.36.5-2	Other arch will be removed	#689125 #876183				Reply to report implies gobject-introspection had priority... but see report #755874 for recent resolution
libgirepository1.0-dev	1.42.0-2.2	1.46.0-4	Other arch will be removed	~~#801672~~				Again, see #755874; also needs multiarch in gobject-introspection
libglib2.0-dev	2.50.3-2	2.53.4-3	Other arch will be removed	~~#683593~~	✔		✔	Also see merged bug report #648621
libgnutls28-dev	3.3.8-6+deb8u3	3.4.9-2	Other arch will be removed	~~#776841~~	✔	✔		Package is already marked as Multi-Arch: same; requires nettle-dev and libidn2-dev to resolve
libgstreamer1.0-dev	1.4.4-2	1.6.3-1	Other arch will be removed					Will also need multiarch in gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 to resolve conflict
libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev	1.12.2-1	1.12.2-1	Other arch will be removed					Will also need multiarch in libgstreamer1.0-dev, libxml2-dev and gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 to resolve the conflict.
libgtk2.0-dev	2.24.25-3	2.24.29-1	Other arch will be removed	#689097	Partially			Requires libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev and libpango1.0-dev
libicu-dev	57.1-6	59.1-1	Other arch will be removed	#837898
libidn2-dev	0.16-1	2.0.2-5	Other arch will be removed	#872550	✔
libpango1.0-dev	1.36.8-3	1.38.1-1	Other arch will be removed	#683592				Requres libgraphite2-dev and libicu-dev via libharfbuzz-dev
libpulse-dev	10.0-1+deb9u1	10.0-2	Other arch will be removed	N/A	N/A	Partially	✔	Already marked Multi-Arch: same; needs multiarch in libglib2.0-dev to resolve
liburi-perl	1.71-1	1.72-1	Package couldn't be found	#872087	✔
libwww-perl	6.15-1	6.15-2	Package couldn't be found	#872088	✔
libxft-dev	2.3.2-1	2.3.2-1	Other arch will be removed					Will also need multiarch in libfreetype6-dev to resolve
libxml-parser-perl	2.44-2	2.44-2	Requires dependencies					Requires perl, perl-base, liburi-perl and libwww-perl to resolve.
libxml2-dev	2.9.4+dfsg1-2.2	2.9.4+dfsg1-3	Other arch will be removed					Requires libicu-dev to resolve.
libxslt1-dev	1.1.29-2.1	1.1.29-2.1	Other arch will be removed					Already marked Multi-Arch: same; requires libxml2-dev to resolve.
nettle-dev	3.3-1	3.3-2	Other arch will be removed	#856160	✔	Partially	Partially	Conflicts in /usr/include/nettle/version.h.
unixodbc-dev	2.3.4-1	2.3.4-1	Other arch will be removed	#872411	✔

I determined these packages by simulating apt-get build-dep with i386 build-dependencies for the (Debian unstable) version of wine-development:

apt-get -s build-dep wine-development/unstable -a i386

At first, this would return an error for some package; to bypass the error, I used apt-get source to grab the package source, quickly entered a "Multi-Arch: foreign" key into the control file, then rebuilt and installed it. After repeating this for a few packages, the simulated apt-get completed. I didn't need these packages to actually work, only to install and allow apt-get to give a full build-dep list.

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 Perhaps the main (but not only) way this matters to Wine is in regards to building and porting. Once all of Wine's build dependencies are multi-arch compatible, cross-compiling and packaging Wine for different architectures becomes much simpler.
-As of August 2017, building Wine 2.14 on Debian Stretch shows the following build dependencies still conflicting across architectures (version info may be different for Ubuntu, Mint, etc.)
+As of September 2017, building Wine 2.17 on Debian Stretch shows the following build dependencies still conflicting across architectures (version info may be different for Ubuntu, Mint, etc.)
 {{Info}} Several of these packages will be fixed in Debian Buster, or only conflict because of dependencies that will be. When Debian Buster is released, we can remove them from the table.
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 | libpcap-dev || 1.8.1-3 || 1.8.1-4
 | Package couldn't be found
-| [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=760370 #760370]
+| <strike>[https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=760370 #760370]</strike>
 | {{Check}} || || {{Check}}
 | Transitional package; pulls in '''libpcap0.8-dev'''
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 | #[https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=689122 689122]
 | {{Check}} || ||
-| Also has deps on '''libfontconfig1-dev''', '''libfreetype6-dev''' and '''libglib2.0-dev'''
+| Depends on '''libfontconfig1-dev''' and '''libfreetype6-dev'''
 |-
 | libfreetype6-dev || 2.6.3-3.2 || 2.8-0.2
@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 | Marked as ''Multi-Arch: same''; conflict due to dep on '''libfreetype6-dev'''
 |-
-| libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev || 2.31.1-2+deb8u4 || 2.32.3-1.2
+| libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev || 2.31.1-2+deb8u4 || 2.36.5-2
 | Other arch will be removed
-| #[https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=689125 689125]
+| [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=689125 #689125] [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=876183 #876183]
 |  || ||
 | Reply to report implies '''gobject-introspection''' had priority... but see report #[https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=755874 755874] for recent resolution
@@ Line 101: / Line 101: @@
 | {{Check}} || {{Check}} ||
 | Package is already marked as ''Multi-Arch: same''; requires '''nettle-dev''' and '''libidn2-dev''' to resolve
-|-
-| libidn2-dev || 0.16-1 || 2.0.2-3
-| Other arch will be removed
-| [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=872550 #872550]
-| {{Check}} || ||
-|
 |-
 | libgstreamer1.0-dev || 1.4.4-2 || 1.6.3-1
@@ Line 124: / Line 118: @@
 | #[https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=689097 689097]
 | Partially || ||
-| Several dependencies need multiarch to resolve the conflict
+| Requires '''libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev''' and '''libpango1.0-dev'''
+|-
+| libicu-dev || 57.1-6 || 59.1-1
+| Other arch will be removed
+| [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=837898 #837898]
+| || ||
+|
+|-
+| libidn2-dev || 0.16-1 || 2.0.2-5
+| Other arch will be removed
+| [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=872550 #872550]
+| {{Check}} || ||
+|
 |-
 | libpango1.0-dev || 1.36.8-3 || 1.38.1-1
@@ Line 130: / Line 136: @@
 | #[https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=683592 683592]
 |  || ||
-| See report #[https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=763851 763851] for blocking files
+| Requres '''libgraphite2-dev''' and '''libicu-dev''' via '''libharfbuzz-dev'''
 |-
 | libpulse-dev || 10.0-1+deb9u1 || 10.0-2
@@ Line 137: / Line 143: @@
 | N/A || Partially || {{Check}}
 | Already marked ''Multi-Arch: same''; needs multiarch in '''libglib2.0-dev''' to resolve
-|-
-| libxft-dev || 2.3.2-1 || 2.3.2-1
-| Other arch will be removed
-|
-|  || ||
-| Will also need multiarch in '''libfreetype6-dev''' to resolve
-|-
-| libxml-parser-perl || 2.44-2 || 2.44-2
-| Requires dependencies
-|
-| || ||
-| Requires '''perl''', '''perl-base''', '''liburi-perl''' and '''libwww-perl''' to resolve.
 |-
 | liburi-perl || 1.71-1 || 1.72-1
@@ Line 162: / Line 156: @@
 |
 |-
-| libxml2-dev || 2.9.4+dfsg1-2.2 || 2.9.4+dfsg1-3
+| libxft-dev || 2.3.2-1 || 2.3.2-1
 | Other arch will be removed
 |
+|  || ||
+| Will also need multiarch in '''libfreetype6-dev''' to resolve
+|-
+| libxml-parser-perl || 2.44-2 || 2.44-2
+| Requires dependencies
+|
 | || ||
-| Requires '''libicu-dev''' to resolve.
+| Requires '''perl''', '''perl-base''', '''liburi-perl''' and '''libwww-perl''' to resolve.
 |-
-| icu || 57.1-6 || 57.1-6
+| libxml2-dev || 2.9.4+dfsg1-2.2 || 2.9.4+dfsg1-3
 | Other arch will be removed
-| [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=837898 #837898]
+|
 | || ||
-|
+| Requires '''libicu-dev''' to resolve.
 |-
 | libxslt1-dev || 1.1.29-2.1 || 1.1.29-2.1
@@ Line 180: / Line 180: @@
 | Already marked ''Multi-Arch: same''; requires '''libxml2-dev''' to resolve.
 |-
-| nettle-dev || 2.7.1-5 || 3.2-1
+| nettle-dev || 3.3-1 || 3.3-2
 | Other arch will be removed
 | [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=856160 #856160]
@@ Line 186: / Line 186: @@
 | Conflicts in /usr/include/nettle/version.h.
 |-
-| unixodbc-dev || 2.3.1-3 || 2.3.1-4
+| unixodbc-dev || 2.3.4-1 || 2.3.4-1
 | Other arch will be removed
 | [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=872411 #872411]

Difference between revisions of "Multiarch"

Revision as of 20:21, 19 September 2017

What is Multiarch?

Status of Wine Build Dependencies

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